Foreign Lawyers Are Third Parties
Companies doing business in the global marketplace engage all types of third parties.
Generally, Foreign Corrupt Practices Act compliance tends to focus, with good reason, on third parties such as agents, representatives, distributors and others that assist a company in obtaining or retaining business.
However, given the DOJ and SEC’s broad interpretation of that element in the FCPA’s anti-bribery provisions, any third party that has a point of contact with foreign officials – even if outside the context of foreign government procurement – can potentially expose a business organization to scrutiny and enforcement.
This includes foreign lawyers as demonstrated by several FCPA enforcement actions.
AAR Resolves $55.6 Million FCPA Enforcement Action
As highlighted in this prior post, in July, Julian Aires (an individual associated with a joint venture partner of AAR Corp. – a U.S. based aviation services company) pleaded guilty to conspiracy to violate the FCPA’s anti-bribery provisions in connection with business dealings with South Africa Airways (SAA) as well as a contract involving Swissport and SAA.
As highlighted in this prior post, in August, Deepak Sharma (an agent of AAR and the former President of Integrated Solutions at AAR) pleaded guilty to conspiracy to violate the FCPA’s anti-bribery provisions in connection with a bribery scheme involving Nepal Airlines Corporation.
Yesterday, it was AAR’s turn as the DOJ and SEC announced (here and here) an FCPA enforcement action against the company based on the same core conduct.
The enforcement action involved a DOJ component (net $26.4 million) and an SEC component ($29.2 million).
Issues To Consider From The BIT Mining (500.com) Enforcement Action
This prior post highlighted the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act enforcement action against BIT Mining Ltd. (formerly known as 500.com) in connection with a failed Japan bribery scheme concerning efforts to obtain a license to operate a casino.
This post highlights additional issues to consider.
Japan
The enforcement action is believed to be the first in FCPA history concerning conduct in Japan.
Take away point. While certain countries have a higher bribery and corruption risk than others, bribery and corruption issues can arise in any country.
FCPA enforcement actions have involved conduct in approximately 90 countries including perceived low risk countries such Canada, United Kingdom, Netherlands, France and Germany.
BIT Mining (500.Com) Resolves FCPA Enforcement Action In Connection With Failed Japan Bribery Scheme
Yesterday the DOJ and SEC announced a net $10 million Foreign Corrupt Practices Act enforcement action against BIT Mining Ltd. (formerly known as 500.com) in connection with a failed Japan bribery scheme concerning efforts to obtain a license to operate a casino.
500.com was formerly an online sports lottery service provider incorporated in the Cayman Islands, with headquarters and major business operations in Shenzhen, China with American Depositary Shares (ADS) traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). 500.com is now known as BIT Mining, a crypto assets mining business incorporated in the Cayman Islands and headquartered in Ohio with ADSs traded on the NYSE.
The enforcement action involved a DOJ component (net $6 million – a $54 million criminal penalty, reduced to $10 million based on an inability to pay, and further reduced to $6 million reflecting a credit for the amount paid to the SEC) and an SEC component ($4 million civil penalty).
In addition, the DOJ announced that Zhengming Pan (a Chinese national and the former CEO of 500.com) was criminally indicted in June in connection with the same bribery scheme and charged with one count of conspiracy to violate the anti-bribery and books and records provisions of the FCPA, one count of violating the anti-bribery provisions of the FCPA, and two counts of violating the books and records provisions of the FCPA.
Telefónica Venezolana Resolves $85 Million Enforcement Action
Approximately ten years ago, a Venezuelan telecommunications company (a wholly-owned subsidiary of a Spanish telecommunications) allegedly bribed Venezuelan officials.
The end result is a $85 million U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act enforcement action against the Venezuelan telecommunications company.
The DOJ recently announced that “Telefónica Venezolana C.A. (Telefónica Venezolana), a Venezuela-based subsidiary of Telefónica S.A. (Telefónica), a publicly traded global telecommunications operator based in Spain, will pay over $85.2 million to resolve an investigation by the Justice Department into a scheme to bribe government officials in Venezuela to receive preferential access to U.S. dollars in a currency auction.
The root cause of many FCPA enforcement is a real-world business condition and in this regard the following is relevant to the Telefónica Venezolana enforcement action.